Q: 34 (IAS/2025)
question_subject:
Polity
question_exam:
IAS
The constitutional amendments that require ratification by at least half of the state legislatures before being presented to the President for assent include changes related to the election of the President, the extent of the executive power of the Union and the States, and the representation of States in Parliament. These are federal aspects that impact both the Union and the States. Therefore, all three options (I, II, and III) require such ratification, making option 4 the correct answer.