The correct answer is option (c) 1 and 3 only.
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a deciduous shrub that is native to the Himalayas. It is an important plant with many uses, and the Government of India is encouraging its cultivation due to its various benefits. Let`s discuss the statements given in the question:
1. It helps in controlling soil erosion and in preventing desertification: Sea buckthorn is known for its ability to grow in poor soil and harsh environments. Its deep roots help to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion. The plant is also able to fix nitrogen from the air, which helps to enrich the soil. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.
2. It is a rich source of biodiesel: While sea buckthorn can be used to produce biofuels, it is not a major source of biodiesel. Therefore, statement 2 is incorrect.
3. It has nutritional value and is well-adapted to live in cold areas of high altitudes: Sea buckthorn berries are rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, and other nutrients. They have traditionally been used in food, medicine, and cosmetics. The plant is well-adapted to live in cold areas of high altitudes, making it a valuable crop for farmers in these regions. Therefore, statement 3 is correct.
4. Its timber is of great commercial value: Sea buckthorn is not known for its timber, and it is not used for commercial purposes in this way. Therefore, statement 4 is incorrect.
In conclusion, statement 1 and 3 are correct, while statement 2 and 4 are incorrect. Sea buckthorn is an important plant with many uses, including soil conservation, nutrition, and adaptation to high altitude regions. Its cultivation is encouraged by the Government of India due to its various benefits.